Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 93 Warning: chmod() expects exactly 2 parameters, 3 given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 94 Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/pfmjournal/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-11.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 100 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 101
Precis Future Med > Volume 8(1); 2024 > Article |
|
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: SK, SYJ, SRS, EJC, KK.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: SK, SYJ, SYL, SRS, SY, CKL, EJC, KK.
Drafting the work or revising: SK, SYJ, KK.
Final approval of the manuscript: SK, SYJ, SYL, SRS, SY, CKL, EJC, KK.
Variable | Total (n=15,448) | Male (n=6,086) | Female (n=9,362) | P-valuea) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)b) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 60.1±24.0 | 58.1±25.0 | 61.5±23.3 | <0.001 | ||
0–9 | 1,207 (7.81) | 621 (10.2) | 586 (6.26) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.04–1.99)d) | 1.60 (1.14–2.24)d) |
10–19 | 174 (1.13) | 90 (1.48) | 84 (0.90) | 1.30 (0.79–2.12) | 1.37 (0.83–2.28) | |
20–29 | 426 (2.76) | 144 (2.37) | 282 (3.01) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
30–39 | 801 (5.19) | 253 (4.16) | 548 (5.85) | 1.31 (0.93–1.84) | 1.46 (1.03–2.08)d) | |
40–49 | 1,288 (8.34) | 477 (7.83) | 811 (8.66) | 1.95 (1.43–2.66)c) | 2.16 (1.56–2.98)c) | |
50–59 | 1,995 (12.9) | 834 (13.7) | 1,161 (12.4) | 2.89 (2.14–3.90)c) | 3.14 (2.30–4.30)c) | |
60–69 | 2,588 (16.8) | 1,137 (18.7) | 1,451 (15.5) | 4.54 (3.39–6.09)c) | 5.06 (3.71–6.89)c) | |
70–79 | 3,830 (24.8) | 1,555 (25.6) | 2,275 (24.3) | 6.29 (4.71–8.41)c) | 7.36 (5.42–10.0)c) | |
≥80 | 3,139 (20.3) | 975 (16.0) | 2,164 (23.1) | 10.5 (7.88–14.0)c) | 10.6 (7.97–14.2)c) | |
Male sex | 6,086 (39.3) | 6,086 (100) | 0 | - | 1.35 (1.29–1.42)c) | 1.48 (1.40–1.56)c) |
Income level | 0.001 | |||||
Upper | 6,633 (43.3) | 2,645 (43.5) | 4,030 (43.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Medium | 3,913 (25.5) | 1,626 (26.7) | 2,316 (24.7) | 0.83 (0.78–0.89)c) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | |
Lower | 4,787 (31.2) | 1,815 (29.8) | 3,016 (32.2) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 1.14 (1.07–1.21)c) | |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Hypertension | 3,190 (20.7) | 1,076 (17.6) | 2,114 (22.5) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97)d) | 0.78 (0.73–0.83)c) |
Diabetes mellitus | 1,456 (9.43) | 610 (10.0) | 846 (9.04) | 0.040 | 1.38 (1.27–1.49)c) | 1.18 (1.09–1.28)c) |
Dyslipidemia | 1,204 (7.79) | 452 (7.43) | 752 (8.03) | 0.170 | 0.56 (0.50–0.63)c) | 0.55 (0.49–0.62)c) |
Myocardial infarction | 204 (1.32) | 112 (1.84) | 92 (0.98) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.47–2.10)c) | 1.34 (1.12–1.63)c) |
Heart failure | 2,697 (17.5) | 1,033 (16.9) | 1,664 (17.7) | 0.200 | 1.48 (1.39–1.57)c) | 1.26 (1.19–1.35)c) |
Atrial fibrillation | 1,548 (10.0) | 643 (10.5) | 905 (9.67) | 0.069 | 1.27 (1.17–1.38)c) | 0.91 (0.84–0.99)d) |
Ischemic stroke | 331 (2.14) | 127 (2.09) | 204 (2.18) | 0.698 | 1.34 (1.15–1.57)c) | 1.06 (0.90–1.24) |
Hemorrhagic stroke | 59 (0.38) | 24 (0.39) | 35 (0.37) | 0.840 | 1.63 (1.14–2.23)d) | 1.52 (1.07–2.17)d) |
Transient ischemic attack | 41 (0.27) | 16 (0.26) | 25 (0.27) | 0.961 | 0.90 (0.55–1.47) | 0.75 (0.46–1.23) |
Chronic kidney disease | 508 (3.29) | 232 (3.81) | 276 (2.95) | 0.003 | 1.93 (1.72–2.16)c) | 1.78 (1.59–2.00)c) |
Malignant neoplasm | 752 (4.87) | 381 (6.26) | 371 (3.96) | <0.001 | 2.66 (2.43–2.92)c) | 2.29 (2.09–2.51)c) |
Epistaxis | 6 (0.04) | 5 (0.08) | 1 (0.01) | 0.027 | - | - |
Hemoptysis | 96 (0.62) | 50 (0.82) | 46 (0.49) | 0.010 | - | - |
Arteriovenous malformation | 6 (0.04) | 2 (0.03) | 4 (0.04) | 0.761 | - | - |
Anemia | 325 (2.10) | 88 (1.45) | 237 (2.53) | <0.001 | - | - |
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia | 4 (0.03) | 1 (0.02) | 3 (0.03) | 0.556 | 2.39 (0.77–7.39) | 3.19 (1.03–9.93)d) |
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 10 (0.07) | 5 (0.08) | 5 (0.05) | 0.491 | 0.35 (0.09–1.43) | 0.69 (0.17–2.79) |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 644 (4.17) | 56 (0.92) | 588 (6.28) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.45–0.62)c) | 1.61 (1.36–1.90)c) |
Death | 5,975 (38.7) | 2,665 (43.7) | 3,310 (35.3) | <0.001 | - | - |
Cause of death | <0.001 | |||||
Certain infections and parasitic diseases (A00-B99) | 204 (3.41) | 98 (3.68) | 106 (3.20) | - | - | |
Malignant neoplasm (C00-C97) | 744 (12.5) | 401 (15.0) | 343 (10.4) | - | - | |
Benign neoplasm (D00-D48) and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50-D89) | 50 (0.84) | 22 (0.83) | 28 (0.85) | - | - | |
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) | 176 (2.95) | 73 (2.74) | 103 (3.11) | - | - | |
Mental and behavioral disorders (F01-F99) | 36 (0.60) | 12 (0.45) | 24 (0.73) | - | - | |
Diseases of the nervous system (G00-G98) | 78 (1.31) | 30 (1.13) | 48 (1.45) | - | - | |
Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) | 1,523 (25.5) | 584 (21.9) | 939 (28.4) | - | - | |
Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J98) | 1,282 (21.5) | 709 (26.6) | 573 (17.3) | - | - | |
Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K92) | 143 (2.39) | 64 (2.40) | 79 (2.39) | - | - | |
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99) | 5 (0.08) | 2 (0.08) | 3 (0.09) | - | - | |
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99) | 210 (3.51) | 35 (1.31) | 175 (5.29) | - | - | |
Diseases of the genitourinary system (N00-N99) | 186 (3.11) | 80 (3.00) | 106 (3.20) | - | - | |
Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (O00-O99) | 1 (0.02) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.03) | - | - | |
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96) | 56 (0.94) | 25 (0.94) | 31 (0.94) | - | - | |
Congenital malformation, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99) | 125 (2.09) | 67 (2.51) | 58 (1.75) | - | - | |
Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99) | 211 (3.53) | 73 (2.74) | 138 (4.17) | - | - | |
Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98) | 150 (2.51) | 71 (2.66) | 79 (2.39) | - | - | |
Not provided | 795 (13.3) | 319 (12.0) | 476 (14.4) | - | - |